High blood pressure, often known as hypertension, is a common medical disorder that causes excessive blood pressure in the arteries. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it throughout the body. A normal blood pressure value is approximately 120/80 mm Hg. However, when blood pressure continuously exceeds this range, it might result in a variety of health issues. A blood pressure reading includes two basic values: systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure indicates the force created when the heart contracts and pumps blood, whereas diastolic pressure reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.A persistent measurement of 130/80 mm Hg or greater indicates high blood pressure. High blood pressure is caused by a variety of variables, including genetics, age, lifestyle choices, and underlying health issues. Modifiable risk factors for hypertension include unhealthy eating habits, high salt intake, a lack of physical activity, obesity, and chronic stress. If left untreated, high blood pressure can cause long-term damage to the arteries, heart, and other organs. Complications may include heart disease, stroke, kidney disease, and eye issues. It is commonly referred to as the "silent killer" since it may not produce visible signs until severe harm has occurred. High blood pressure is managed with lifestyle changes and, in some situations, medication. Adopting a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, lowering salt intake, getting regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing stress are all examples of lifestyle adjustments. To help manage blood pressure, healthcare practitioners may prescribe diuretics, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers. Regular blood pressure monitoring, routine check-ups, and adherence to prescribed medicines are all necessary components of high blood pressure management. Individuals must take proactive measures to maintain a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent or control hypertension and limit the risk of associated problems.
