High cholesterol, commonly known as hypercholesterolemia, is a medical disorder marked by excessive amounts of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Cholesterol is a fatty molecule that is necessary for many body activities, including the formation of cell membranes and the production of specific hormones. However, high cholesterol levels can cause health concerns, particularly cardiovascular disorders.Lipoproteins transport cholesterol through the blood and are classified into two types: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL cholesterol is commonly referred to as "bad" cholesterol because excessive levels can induce plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, HDL cholesterol is called "good" cholesterol since it aids in the removal of LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream. High cholesterol can be caused by a variety of factors, including heredity, food, inactivity, obesity, and certain medical problems. A diet high in saturated and trans fats, as found in fried and processed meals, can boost LDL cholesterol levels. A sedentary lifestyle and extra body weight also lead to an imbalance in cholesterol levels. Hypercholesterolemia can have serious implications. Atherosclerosis, or the accumulation of plaque in the arteries, narrows and stiffens blood vessels, limiting blood flow. If a plaque ruptures, it might form blood clots, resulting in heart attacks or strokes. Therefore, regulating cholesterol levels is critical in preventing cardiovascular illnesses. Lifestyle changes are essential for managing high cholesterol. A heart-healthy diet low in saturated and trans fats and high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can have a big influence. Regular physical activity promotes HDL cholesterol and reduces LDL cholesterol. In some circumstances, medication may be suggested to lower cholesterol levels, especially if lifestyle improvements are insufficient. Regular cholesterol testing are critical for early identification and treatment. Lifestyle changes, drugs, and continued monitoring can help people maintain healthy cholesterol levels and lower their risk of cardiovascular disease, thereby improving overall heart health.
