Hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver disease, is a condition characterized by an abnormal buildup of fat in the liver cells. This illness can present as either alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD or NAFLD). The more common variant, NAFLD, is frequently related with obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, elevated cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. It refers to a group of diseases that range from basic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which involves liver inflammation and possible scarring (fibrosis) that can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure. The actual mechanisms underlying hepatic steatosis are complex and not fully understood. They do, however, involve an imbalance in the accumulation and clearance of fat in the liver. Normally, the liver is essential in fat metabolism. When there is an overabundance of fatty acids or triglycerides entering the liver, together with conditions such as insulin resistance and oxidative stress, the liver's capacity to handle and remove fat is compromised. Hepatic steatosis can have serious implications. While mild steatosis may not cause symptoms, it can proceed to more serious disorders such as NASH, which can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer). AFLD, on the other hand, is caused by excessive alcohol use and results in fat accumulation in liver cells. A medical history, physical examination, blood tests to determine liver function and enzymes, imaging investigations such as ultrasonography, CT scans, or MRI, and sometimes a liver biopsy are used to confirm the severity of the disease and rule out other liver disorders. Treatment focuses mostly on treating underlying risk factors. Weight loss, regular exercise, a balanced diet low in processed carbs and sweets, and avoiding excessive alcohol use are all important components. In some circumstances, medications that target specific components of the condition, such as insulin sensitizers or antioxidants, may be administered. Monitoring and management of related disorders such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and excessive cholesterol are also essential in the treatment of hepatic steatosis. Regular visits to healthcare providers are required to evaluate disease progression and ensure appropriate management, with the goal of preventing complications and preserving liver health.
