Hepatitis B is a viral infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) that mostly affects the liver. It can cause acute or chronic hepatitis, which can result in serious liver damage and consequences such as liver cirrhosis or even liver cancer. HBV is transmitted through contact with infectious body fluids such as blood, sperm, or other bodily fluids from an infected individual. It can happen in a variety of ways:Sexual Interaction: Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person can result in transmission. woman to Child Transmission: A virus-infected woman might pass the virus to her infant after childbirth or through breast milk. Sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, as well as using improperly sterilized medical equipment, can all be ways for the virus to spread. Blood transfusions: Though less common currently due to thorough screening, they were a significant mode of transmission prior to the implementation of blood screening measures. Fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, dark urine, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) are some of the symptoms of acute hepatitis B. However, some people, particularly children, may not show any symptoms while being infected. While many people recover completely from acute HBV infection, some may acquire chronic hepatitis B. Chronic infection can cause long-term liver issues as well as an increased chance of liver cancer. Vaccination, which is highly successful in avoiding infection, is one of the most effective HBV prevention strategies. The vaccination is usually given in a series of doses. It is critical to practice safe sex, avoid sharing needles or personal hygiene products, and ensure appropriate cleaning of medical equipment in order to prevent the virus from spreading. Treatment for chronic hepatitis B seeks to manage the infection while preventing liver damage. Antiviral medicines can help lower viral load and consequences. In rare circumstances, healthcare practitioners may additionally advise regular monitoring to determine liver health and the need for additional treatment. Regular screenings and early diagnosis are critical in the treatment of hepatitis B. Individuals living with this viral infection can benefit from early management since it reduces the risk of complications and improves results.
