Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), also known as menorrhagia in medical terms, is defined as heavy or prolonged monthly bleeding that might interfere with a person's everyday life. This is a rather prevalent condition that can have a substantial impact on one's physical, mental, and social well-being. HMB is distinguished by bleeding that extends beyond the normal range. It could include soaking through menstruation products (pads or tampons) every hour for several hours, using double protection (tampon and pad), or having periods that continue more than seven days. While every woman's menstrual cycle is unique, blood clots larger than a quarter or the need to change sanitary products during the night may also suggest excessive bleeding. Hormonal imbalances, uterine fibroids or polyps, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, thyroid abnormalities, bleeding disorders, or certain drugs (such as blood thinners) can all contribute to HMB. In certain circumstances, there may be no discernible cause. HMB symptoms can be more than just physical. They could include weariness caused by significant blood loss, which can present as weakness, tiredness, and shortness of breath. HMB can also cause emotional effects such as anxiety, irritation, or mood fluctuations, which can interfere with everyday tasks and quality of life. Managing HMB entails a variety of approaches that are suited to the individual's needs as well as the underlying reason. Oral contraceptives to regulate hormone levels, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) to minimize bleeding, or hormonal IUDs to reduce menstrual flow are all medical options. When medicine fails to work, surgical procedures such as endometrial ablation or hysterectomy may be explored. Additionally, lifestyle adjustments such as utilizing high-absorbency menstruation products, practicing yoga or meditation to reduce stress, eating an iron-rich diet, and exercising regularly might help alleviate symptoms. Individuals suffering from HMB must seek the advice of a healthcare professional in order to receive an appropriate diagnosis and specific treatment plan. Open discussion with a doctor aids in determining the cause and determining the best management strategy, thereby improving the overall well-being and quality of life for those suffering with heavy menstrual bleeding.
