Gouty arthritis, also known as gout, is a kind of inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues. This disorder is primarily caused by high levels of uric acid in the blood, also known as hyperuricemia. Uric acid is a waste product made when the body breaks down purines, which are found in many meals and produced by the body. Normally, uric acid dissolves in the blood and is removed through the urine. However, if uric acid is overproduced or the kidneys are unable to eliminate it adequately, it can accumulate in the joints and form needle-like crystals, resulting in gouty arthritis. Gout is distinguished by sudden and severe joint pain, which typically affects the big toe but can also occur in the ankles, knees, elbows, wrists, and fingers. These painful bouts typically occur at night and are followed by swelling, redness, warmth, and soreness in the affected joint. The pain can be intense and linger for several days or even weeks, eventually diminishing on its own. Several variables can cause gout attacks, including: Diet: Purine-rich foods including red meat, seafood, organ meats, sugary drinks, and alcohol can raise uric acid levels and cause gout attacks. Obesity can lead to elevated uric acid levels in the body. Genetics: A family history of gout increases the likelihood of developing the illness. Medical conditions: Hypertension, diabetes, and renal illness can all increase the risk of developing gout. Gout is often diagnosed with a physical examination, symptom analysis, and, in some cases, joint fluid study to detect the presence of urate crystals. Gout treatment options attempt to ease pain, reduce inflammation, and lower uric acid levels in order to prevent future attacks. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, corticosteroids, and treatments that reduce or accelerate uric acid clearance are common examples. Dietary improvements, weight management, lowering alcohol consumption, and staying hydrated are all important in managing gout and preventing recurring attacks.
