Anthelmintics are a class of drugs used to treat parasitic worm infections, often known as helminthiasis. These infections can affect many different organs in the body, resulting in a variety of symptoms and problems. Anthelmintics act by targeting several stages of the worm's life cycle, either killing or suppressing parasite development and reproduction. Antihelmintic medicines are classified into various classes, each with its own mode of action and range of activity. The benzimidazoles class, which includes medications like albendazole and mebendazole, is a common one. They impair the parasites' capacity to use glucose, eventually killing them. These drugs are effective against a variety of intestinal parasites, including roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms. Another type of nicotinic agonist is pyrantel pamoate. These medications activate the neurological system of the parasite, producing paralysis and subsequent ejection from the host. Pyrantel is especially effective against roundworms and hookworms. Ivermectin is an avermectin that functions by interfering with parasite nerve and muscle function, causing paralysis and eventually death. It has been shown to be effective against a variety of parasites, including strongyloidiasis and onchocerciasis (river blindness). Praziquantel, a major medicine in the treatment of schistosomiasis and other flatworm illnesses, has a novel mechanism that targets the parasites' cell membranes, producing muscle spasms and worm death. Although it is less widely employed currently, levamisole activates the worm's immune system, making it more vulnerable to elimination by the host's immune defenses. The type of parasite, the severity of the illness, and individual patient considerations such as age and overall health all influence the choice of anthelmintic. Treatment regimens may include a single dosage or many doses spread out over days or weeks to guarantee total parasite eradication. Although anthelmintics are typically safe, they might induce nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. To prevent re-infection, it is critical to carefully follow dose instructions and, in some situations, combine medication with hygiene and sanitation measures. Regular deworming programs in high-risk communities, together with better sanitation and health education, help to control and reduce the global incidence of helminthiasis.
