A class of drugs called sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is used to treat type 2 diabetes. They function by obstructing the kidneys' SGLT2 protein, which is in charge of reabsorbing glucose into the bloodstream. SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood sugar levels by blocking this protein, which aids the kidneys in eliminating extra glucose from the body through urine.The distinct mode of action of SGLT2 inhibitors, which is independent of insulin, is one of its main advantages. This indicates that patients with type 2 diabetes who may be insulin resistant or who do not respond well to other medications can benefit from their use. Among SGLT2 inhibitors, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, and canagliflozin are the most often given. These drugs can be used either on their own or in conjunction with other diabetic treatments, and they are typically taken orally once day. Apart from reducing blood sugar levels, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated various other advantageous impacts on cardiovascular well-being. Clinical trials have shown that these drugs can lower the risk of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients, including heart attacks and strokes. Additionally, they have been linked to reductions in weight and blood pressure. Still, SGLT2 inhibitors have the potential for negative effects just like any other medicine. Urinary tract infections and vaginal yeast infections—which are more common in women—are the most frequent side effects. Low blood pressure and dehydration can also happen, particularly in older people or those using diuretics. Ketoacidosis is an uncommon but dangerous side effect in which the body produces excessive amounts of blood acids known as ketones. It is recommended that patients on SGLT2 inhibitors keep an eye out for symptoms of urinary tract infections, such as burning when urinating or frequent urination. They should also be informed about the signs and symptoms of ketoacidosis, which include unusual exhaustion, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort. To sum up, SGLT2 inhibitors are a crucial family of drugs used in the management of type 2 diabetes. They provide special advantages in lowering blood sugar, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease, and encouraging weight loss. Patients and medical professionals should be informed of any possible adverse effects, though.
