A class of organometallic compounds with tin-carbon bonds are called organotin compounds. These substances have found extensive usage in many different industrial applications, such as catalysts in organic synthesis and PVC stabilizers. However, due to worries about their toxicity and potential effects on the environment, their use has declined. Tributyltin (TBT), one of the most well-known organotin compounds, is widely used in marine paints as an antifouling agent. On ship hulls, TBT effectively inhibits the growth of algae, barnacles, and other marine creatures. On the other hand, because of its extensive use, rivers and seas have become contaminated, endangering aquatic life. Numerous nations have outlawed the use of TBT in marine paints as a result of these worries.Organotin(IV) carboxylates are a significant subclass of organotin chemicals that have been employed as catalysts in organic synthesis. These substances work well to stimulate processes like transesterification and esterification. To produce polyurethanes, for instance, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is a frequently employed catalyst. Nevertheless, DBTDL is hazardous and can have negative impacts on the environment and human health, just like other organotin chemicals. Organotin chemicals have been researched for their possible medical benefits in addition to their industrial use. Certain organotin compounds have demonstrated potential as anticancer medicines by preventing the proliferation of cancerous cells. To completely comprehend their modes of action and possible adverse effects, more study is necessary.The environmental durability of organotin chemicals is one of its problems. Long-term exposure concerns can result from the accumulation of these chemicals in soil, water, and organisms. Research has indicated that aquatic creatures, including fish and mollusks, may suffer negative consequences from organotin chemicals, even at low levels. There has been an emphasis on creating substitute substances and technologies in an effort to lessen the hazards that organotin compounds pose to human health and the environment. For instance, studies are being conducted to identify safer and more environmentally friendly substitutes for TBT in antifouling paints. The utilization of organotin chemicals in industrial processes is being investigated through the investigation of green chemistry methodologies.To sum up, organotin chemicals have been crucial to a number of industries, yet there have been worries about their environmental persistence and toxicity. In an effort to lessen their negative effects on the environment and public health, safer substitutes are being sought after.
