Nitrogen compounds play an important role in many biological, industrial, and environmental processes. Nitrogen is a vital element for life, as it is found in amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. It produces a wide range of chemicals, from simple diatomic molecules to complex organic and inorganic substances. Nitrogen gas (N2) is one of the most prevalent nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere, accounting for approximately 78% of the Earth's atmosphere. Nitrogen fixation, which is carried out by certain bacteria, is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia (NH3) or similar chemicals, thereby making nitrogen available to living organisms. Ammonia is an essential nitrogen source for plants, serving as the building block for amino acid and protein synthesis. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), which include nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), are formed during combustion processes and contribute to air pollution. They are also involved in the creation of acid rain and atmospheric reactions that affect ozone levels. Nitrous oxide (N2O), another nitrogen oxide, is both a greenhouse gas and an ingredient in dental anesthetics. In the field of organic chemistry, amines are nitrogen-containing molecules having numerous applications. These molecules have a nitrogen atom connected to carbon atoms and are classed as primary, secondary, or tertiary amines depending on the amount of carbon groups bound to the nitrogen. Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, are a type of chemical molecule that contains both an amine and a carboxylate group. Nitrates and nitrites are essential inorganic nitrogen molecules found in fertilizers. These chemicals improve soil fertility by supplying plants with a readily available nitrogen source. However, excessive usage of nitrogen-based fertilizers can have negative environmental consequences, such as water pollution and ecological disruption. The research and understanding of nitrogen molecules is critical for addressing agricultural, environmental, and human health issues. Researchers are always looking for novel ways to exploit the potential of nitrogen molecules while minimizing their negative environmental impact.