Lachrymatory agents, sometimes referred to as tear gas, are chemical substances created especially to cause human tears, eye irritation, and respiratory discomfort. These drugs have a lengthy and contentious history and are mostly employed in the military, crowd control, and riot suppression. The most often used lachrymatory agent is CS gas (2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile), while dibenzoxazepine and chloroacetophenone are also available. Lachrymatory substances are released into the environment as tiny particles or aerosols. These substances cause a variety of physiological reactions when they come into contact with the eyes, skin, or mucous membranes. The eye pain that causes uncontrollable tears is the most obvious and acute side effect. Tear gas is frequently employed to disperse crowds or control rowdy gatherings because this disorientation can impair vision, making it difficult for those who are impacted to continue with their activity. Lachrymatory substances can cause respiratory distress in addition to irritated eyes. It can be challenging for individuals exposed to breathe comfortably after inhaling the chemical compounds because they can lead to coughing, choking, and shortness of breath. These respiratory side effects may heighten anxiety in crowded places, which may result in stampedes or other hazardous circumstances. Despite being non-lethal, lachrymatory chemicals can nevertheless be dangerous, especially for people with preexisting medical disorders or weakened respiratory systems. Lung inflammation is one among the more serious health effects that can result from extended exposure or exposure to high doses. There has been ongoing discussion and criticism around the deployment of tear gas. Critics contend that its use can result in needless suffering and harm, especially when directed at nonviolent protesters or when deployed in small areas. Some people are worried about the long-term health repercussions of repeatedly being exposed to lachrymatory substances. Although governments and police enforcement frequently defend the use of tear gas as a way to uphold order and public safety, its usage is still controversial, and any risks or negative effects should be carefully evaluated against any intended advantages. The controversy over lachrymatory substances is expected to continue as public awareness of and scrutiny of their effects increase.
