Isonicotinates, sometimes referred to as isonicotinates, are a class of chemical compounds with a variety of uses in materials science, coordination chemistry, and medicines. These substances, which are isonicotinic acid derivatives, are distinguished by special structural elements and attributes. The isonicotinic acid moiety, which is made up of a pyridine ring joined to a carboxylic acid group, is the primary component of isonicotinates. This basic structure can be altered synthetically to produce a broad variety of isonicotinate derivatives with distinct functional groups and substitution patterns. The characteristics and uses of these chemicals may be greatly impacted by these alterations.Isonicotinates have been used in the pharmaceutical industry to generate a number of significant medications. For example, one of the first drugs used to treat tuberculosis is isoniazid, which is a derivative of isonicotinate. It works by preventing the tuberculosis bacteria's cell walls from producing mycolic acid, which stops the bacteria's growth. This substance has been essential to global efforts to treat tuberculosis. Isonicotinates are flexible ligands used in coordination chemistry to synthesize metal complexes. These complexes are useful in areas including bioinorganic chemistry, materials science, and catalysis because they frequently display a variety of structures and characteristics. Isonicotinates can be used to create complex structures with specialized functions because of their ability to interact with different metal ions.Furthermore, isonicotinates have demonstrated potential in applications related to materials science, specifically in the creation of materials that emit light. When added to solid-state materials, several isonicotinate derivatives display fluorescence or phosphorescence characteristics. This renders them advantageous in the production of sensors, other optoelectronic devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Research on the synthesis of isonicotinates is still ongoing, with the goal of creating effective and ecologically friendly processes. Additionally, researchers are looking into novel uses for these substances, such as improved materials and medicinal chemistry. Isonicotinates are expected to continue to be important participants in the domains of chemistry and materials science as our knowledge of their characteristics grows, advancing a variety of technologies and breakthroughs.
