Compounds known as iron chelators attach themselves to iron ions to stop them from taking part in chemical processes that could produce dangerous free radicals. These chelators are used in medical therapies for disorders related to iron excess and are essential to many biological functions. Iron is a necessary component for numerous physiological processes, such as the transport of oxygen, the synthesis of DNA, and the generation of energy. On the other hand, cellular damage and oxidative stress might result from an imbalance in iron levels. The body may acquire too much iron as a result of transfusions, hemochromatosis, or specific hereditary abnormalities. The deferoxamine family is one well-known class of iron chelators. The first iron chelator to receive clinical approval, deferoxamine, is frequently used to treat iron overload in diseases such as hemochromatosis and thalassemia. After binding to ferric iron, it forms a stable complex that the body excretes. A different member of this class is called deferiprone, and it has a wider range of iron-binding capabilities because it can chelate both ferric and ferrous iron. In contrast to deferoxamine, deferasirox is a more recent oral iron chelator that has gained favor due to its simplicity of administration. Additionally, it combines with iron to produce stable complexes that lessen the toxicity associated with iron and stop dangerous free radicals from forming. Beyond its conventional use, iron chelation therapy research has grown. Research has looked into the possibility of using iron chelators to treat neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's. The pathophysiology of these illnesses has been linked to iron accumulation in the brain, and chelators may help reduce oxidative damage. Iron chelation treatment has certain negative effects even though it is usually safe and effective. It is crucial to keep an eye out for side effects throughout treatment, such as dyspepsia, abnormal liver function, and neutropenia in patients. In summary, iron chelators are essential for treating illnesses that include an excess of iron in the body.Their capacity to bind and eliminate excess iron aids in reducing the risk of oxidative damage and its related consequences.Continuous investigation keeps finding novel uses for these substances, increasing their possible therapeutic applications across a range of medical specialties.
