Immunosuppressive substances, commonly referred to as immunosuppressants or immunomodulatory medications, are essential in the field of medicine since they reduce the activity of the immune system. These medications are mostly used to treat various autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation. Cyclosporine, one of the most well-known immunosuppressive drugs, changed the transplantation industry by drastically lowering the likelihood of organ transplant recipients experiencing rejection. It functions by preventing the T lymphocytes, a crucial immune system cell involved in recognizing and combating foreign substances, from becoming activated. Other immunosuppressive medications, such as tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine, are frequently used in combination to cyclosporine to avoid transplant rejection and treat autoimmune diseases such rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis. These medications work in a variety of ways, such as by impairing immune cells' ability to make DNA quickly or by preventing the development of particular signaling molecules that are important for immunological responses. Another class of immunosuppressive drugs widely used to reduce inflammation and inhibit immunological activity is the glucocorticoid family, which includes medications like prednisone and dexamethasone. They are adaptable medications used for a variety of ailments, including post-transplant immunosuppression, autoimmune illnesses, and problems including allergies and asthma. Immunosuppressive medications do not come without drawbacks, despite their therapeutic advantages. Due to the reduced immune system, they can raise the risk of infections, which could have catastrophic consequences. The prolonged use of these medications may also result in negative side effects include bone loss, hypertension, and glucose intolerance. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully monitor and manage patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy in order to balance the advantages and disadvantages of these potent drugs. To increase the effectiveness and safety of immunosuppression in clinical practice, research is still being done on the creation of novel, more targeted immunosuppressive drugs.
