Estrogens, a class of hormones produced predominantly in the ovaries, play an important role in the female reproductive system. While they are most commonly associated with females, they are also present in smaller numbers in males and contribute to a variety of physiological activities. Estradiol, estrone, and estriol are only a few of the hormones that play different roles in the body. Estradiol, the most strong estrogen, regulates the menstrual cycle alongside other hormones such as progesterone. During puberty, it promotes the development of secondary sexual traits such as breast development and hip broadening. Estradiol also helps to maintain strong bones by assisting with calcium absorption and keeps cholesterol levels within a healthy range. Estrone, which is less powerful than estradiol, is largely synthesized in fat tissues. Estrone becomes the major estrogen in the body after menopause, when ovarian estrogen production slows. It is essential for bone health and can affect many tissues and organs. Estriol, the least powerful estrogen, is mostly produced by the placenta during pregnancy. Its levels rise dramatically during pregnancy and are used to check the fetus's health. Estriol helps to maintain the uterine environment required for fetal growth. Estrogens have far-reaching impacts throughout the body in addition to their reproductive roles. They have an impact on mood, cognition, and behavior via altering neurotransmitters such as serotonin. These hormones also have an effect on skin health by boosting collagen formation, which helps with elasticity and hydration.
