Bisphenols are chemical substances with two hydroxyphenyl functional groups. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the best known and investigated of these chemicals. BPA has been used in the manufacturing of polycarbonate polymers and epoxy resins since the 1950s. These materials are found in a wide range of consumer products, including plastic containers, water bottles, dental sealants, and food and beverage can linings. Despite its extensive use, there are worries regarding BPA's potential health impacts. According to research, BPA can seep from containers and packaging into food and beverages, resulting in human exposure. Once inside the body, BPA can mimic the activity of estrogen, a hormone that controls a variety of physiological processes. This has generated concerns about BPA's possible endocrine disrupting effects, especially during critical developmental phases. According to studies on laboratory animals, exposure to BPA may be associated with a variety of negative health effects, including reproductive and developmental abnormalities, impaired cognitive function, and an increased risk of some malignancies.However, transferring these findings to human health has been difficult because to variability in exposure levels, individual sensitivity, and the complex interaction of factors impacting health consequences. In response to these concerns, regulatory organizations in various countries have taken steps to prohibit the use of BPA in specific items, particularly those marketed to newborns and young children. Alternatives to BPA, such as bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), have been developed, although their safety profiles are still unknown. The debate over bisphenols has sparked growing interest in alternate materials and manufacturing procedures that can decrease or eliminate the need for these compounds. Manufacturers and consumers alike are looking into safer and more ecologically friendly alternatives to ensure the continuous production of common things without jeopardizing human health or the planet. As research progresses, recognizing the possible risks and advantages of bisphenols is critical for making informed decisions about their use in diverse goods.
