A medical disease known as venous stasis, also called venostasis or venous insufficiency, is characterized by reduced venous blood flow, typically in the lower limbs. This disorder develops when the legs' veins have trouble returning blood to the heart. Venous stasis can be caused by a number of things, such as obesity, extended standing or sitting, pregnancy, and a sedentary way of living. The malfunctioning of vein valves is one of the main causes of venous stasis. These valves normally assist blood flow against gravity as it ascends toward the heart. Blood can pool in the veins and raise pressure, though, if these valves weaken or are broken. This pressure may eventually result in painful, distorted, and enlarged veins. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a disorder caused by blood clots that can be harmful if they break free and enter the lungs, is another outcome of this blood pooling. Venous stasis can cause a variety of symptoms, but it frequently manifests as swelling in the legs or ankles, pain or weight in the legs, cramping, itching, and changes in the skin, especially around the ankles, such as discolouration or ulceration. A physical examination and imaging tests are typically used in conjunction to make the diagnosis of venous stasis. An ultrasonography can be used by a medical professional to see blood flow in the veins and look for valve problems or blockages. The goals of venous stasis treatment are to increase blood flow, lessen edema, and avoid side effects including blood clots or ulcers. Compression stockings, leg elevation, frequent exercise, avoiding prolonged standing or sitting, and other lifestyle modifications can help control symptoms and enhance circulation. Medical measures may be required in more severe situations. These may involve taking drugs to lessen swelling and stop blood clots, having varicose veins removed or closed off, or in severe situations, having surgery to increase blood flow. In order to create a customized treatment plan, patients with venous stasis must collaborate closely with their healthcare professionals. Effective management of the illness can help people live better lives with fewer symptoms and a decreased chance of consequences.
