Grand mal seizures, sometimes called tonic-clonic seizures, are a kind of generalized seizure in which the entire brain is affected. The tonic and clonic stages of these seizures, which are frequently distinguished by two separate phases, can be severe and frightening. he person loses consciousness during the tonic phase due to a rapid contraction of the muscles, and if they are standing, they frequently collapse. The body stiffens at this phase, especially the arms, legs, and back. Additionally, the person might stop breathing suddenly, which would cause their skin to become blue from a lack of oxygen. The tonic phase might last anywhere from 10 to 20 seconds, on average. The clonic phase, which is characterized by repetitive, jerky muscular contractions, comes after the tonic period. These motions, which can affect the entire body, are frequently forceful. The individual can lose control of their bladder or intestines, foam at the mouth, or bite their tongue. The duration of the clonic phase ranges from 30 to 2 minutes. The postictal phase starts after the clonic phase concludes. Tiredness, perplexity, and disorientation are the hallmarks of this stage. It's possible that they're disoriented and unaware of their surroundings. They could also have headaches and sore muscles. Depending on the individual, the postictal phase may extend for a few minutes or several hours. It's crucial to remember that not all tonic-clonic seizures have the same symptoms or last the same amount of time. Furthermore, not every seizure victim will go through each step as listed. When treating tonic-clonic seizures, one common strategy is to make sure the patient is safe during the seizure by taking away any potentially dangerous objects from their environment and, if they are standing, gently directing them to the ground. It's critical to keep their head safe from harm and to allow them to move freely. Seeking medical assistance is advised if the seizure lasts longer than five minutes, if another one happens right away, or if the person has any injuries during the seizure. Antiepileptic drugs, or AEDs, are among the medications that are frequently administered to help people with epilepsy avoid seizures. The way these drugs function is by bringing the brain's electrical activity under control. For some people whose seizures are not well managed by medication, other therapies such surgery or vagus nerve stimulation may be taken into consideration. Ensuring the safety and well-being of people who experience tonic-clonic seizures can also require educating friends, family, and caregivers on how to react to seizures. People who live with epilepsy can greatly benefit from an atmosphere that is understanding and supportive.
