Open-angle glaucoma is a chronic eye disorder characterized by high intraocular pressure (IOP) and progressive optic nerve damage. It is the most prevalent type of glaucoma, a collection of eye illnesses that can cause vision loss and blindness if not addressed. Unlike angle-closure glaucoma, which causes an abrupt blockage of the eye's drainage system, open-angle glaucoma develops gradually, with few symptoms in the early stages. The phrase "open-angle" alludes to the angle between the iris and the cornea, which is wide and open in this type of glaucoma. Despite this open angle, the drainage channels within the eye's trabecular meshwork become less efficient with time, resulting in an accumulation of aqueous humor - the fluid that nourishes the eye - and a rise in intraocular pressure. Elevated IOP can harm the optic nerve, which transmits visual information to the brain. Open-angle glaucoma risk factors include age, a family history of the disease, African or Hispanic origin, and certain medical disorders such as diabetes. Furthermore, persons with excessive IOP, also known as ocular hypertension, are more likely to develop open-angle glaucoma. The progression of open-angle glaucoma is frequently gradual, and patients may not notice any symptoms until the condition has advanced. As the optic nerve is damaged, peripheral vision is usually compromised first, resulting in a gradual narrowing of the visual field - a phenomenon known as tunnel vision. If not addressed, central vision can be deteriorated, eventually leading to blindness. Open-angle glaucoma is diagnosed with complete eye examinations, which include IOP measurements, inspection of the optic nerve head, and visual field assessments. Treatment tries to reduce IOP and may include medicines, laser therapy, or surgical procedures. Regular monitoring is critical for successfully controlling the illness and preventing future visual loss. Individuals, particularly those at higher risk, should have routine eye exams to diagnose and manage open-angle glaucoma early, preserving vision and general eye health.
