Liver disease encompasses a variety of disorders that impair the liver's structure and function. The liver is critical for overall health because it performs important roles in metabolism, detoxification, and nutrition storage. Viruses, alcohol, obesity, and genetic predisposition are all risk factors for liver disease. Fatty liver disease is a common liver ailment in which fat accumulates in liver cells. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. If not treated, it can lead to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which causes inflammation and liver damage. Chronic viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C, can cause chronic liver disease. These infections frequently lie undetected for years, gradually producing liver inflammation and scarring (fibrosis). Cirrhosis, the advanced stage of scarring, can lead to liver failure and consequences such as portal hypertension and malignancy. Alcohol-related liver damage is another major problem. Excess alcohol use over time can cause inflammation (alcoholic hepatitis) and scarring (cirrhosis). In cirrhosis, the liver's ability to regenerate is impaired, raising the risk of serious problems. Autoimmune liver illnesses, such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, occur when the immune system erroneously attacks liver cells. These disorders can cause inflammation, fibrosis, and reduced liver function. Liver cancer, which is frequently associated with underlying liver disorders, can be primary (originating in the liver) or secondary (arising from metastases). The most prevalent type of primary liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which commonly develops in the presence of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis. Liver disease symptoms may include lethargy, jaundice, stomach pain, and edema. Blood tests, imaging studies, and, in certain situations, liver biopsy are used to make the diagnosis. Treatment varies according to the specific liver illness, but it may include lifestyle changes, drugs, and, in extreme circumstances, liver transplantation. Preventive methods include leading a healthy lifestyle, avoiding excessive alcohol use, being vaccinated against hepatitis, and managing illnesses such as obesity and diabetes. Early detection and action are critical to controlling liver disease and avoiding complications. Regular medical examinations and screening tests can assist in detecting liver problems at an early stage, when therapies are most beneficial.
