The kidneys, which are important organs in charge of filtering waste products and extra fluid from the bloodstream, regulating electrolyte balance, and producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions, are affected by kidney disease, also known as renal disease or nephropathy. There are numerous ways that kidney illness can present itself, each with its own causes and levels of severity. One of the most common types of kidney illness, chronic kidney disease (CKD), is characterised by a long-term, gradual loss of kidney function that frequently progresses undetected until the later stages. Diabetes, hypertension, genetic susceptibility, and several autoimmune diseases are typical CKD risk factors. People who have CKD may develop symptoms like weariness, swelling in the legs and ankles, changes in urine patterns, and high blood pressure as the condition worsens. On the other hand, acute kidney injury (AKI) is a quick and severe reduction in kidney function that is often brought on by conditions including infections, dehydration, medicines, or trauma. AKI can cause the body to quickly accumulate waste materials and poisons, which, if left untreated, can cause life-threatening problems. The general health and quality of life of an individual can be greatly impacted by both CKD and AKI. Electrolyte imbalances, anaemia, bone disease, cardiovascular problems, and a weakened immune system are a few complications of kidney illness. In addition, patients with advanced renal disease may need therapies like dialysis or kidney transplants to remain alive. In conclusion, kidney disease is a complex medical illness that can negatively impact a person's health and quality of life. To lessen the effects of kidney disease and ensure that affected people have a higher quality of life, early diagnosis, aggressive care, and lifestyle changes are essential. In order to continue the fight against this pervasive and frequently unspoken health issue, medical research, public awareness campaigns, and continual breakthroughs in treatment choices are all crucial.
