Entamoeba histolytica is the protozoan parasite that causes intestinal amebiasis, a parasitic infection. This illness mostly affects the colon and other intestines. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in underdeveloped nations with inadequate sanitation and hygiene standards. When contaminated food or water containing the parasite's cyst form is consumed, intestinal amebiasis can spread. After being consumed, the cysts move to the small intestine, where they discharge the parasite's active form, called trophozoites. Following their colonization of the large intestine, these trophozoites proliferate, invading tissue and causing inflammation. Intestinal amebiasis can cause a wide range of symptoms, from moderate diarrhea to severe dysentery with bloody feces. Fatigue, cramping in the stomach, flatulence, and abdominal pain are some typical symptoms. If treatment is not received, severe infections can result in potentially fatal consequences include intestinal perforation, liver abscess, and systemic parasite spread. Intestinal amebiasis is typically diagnosed by looking for Entamoeba histolytica cysts or trophozoites in the stool. Imaging tests like CT scans and ultrasounds may occasionally be necessary to identify problems like liver abscesses. Antibiotics are usually used in the treatment of intestinal amebiasis in order to eradicate the parasite. As a first-line treatment, metronidazole is frequently utilized. To get rid of any leftover parasites in the colon, a luminal drug such paromomycin is next administered. Additional measures, such draining the abscess, can be required in extreme circumstances or when complications like a liver abscess are present. In summary, the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the cause of intestinal amebiasis, a parasitic infection that mostly affects the colon. If treatment is not received, it can result in a variety of symptoms, ranging from moderate diarrhea to severe dysentery and consequences. Stool examination is used to make the diagnosis, and antibiotics are used to treat the parasite. Enhancing hygiene and sanitation standards is the main goal of prevention initiatives.
