Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung condition that causes progressive scarring or fibrosis of the lung tissue. It is disabling and frequently fatal. IPF is particularly difficult because it is idiopathic and unexplained, and no one knows for sure what causes it. The prevalence of this chronic, irreversible illness rises with age and mostly affects older persons, typically those over the age of 50. The interstitial tissue, the fragile web of tissue encircling the lungs' alveoli or air sacs, is the primary target of IPF. Scar tissue makes it harder for the lungs to work properly, which reduces their capacity to carry oxygen into the bloodstream and expel carbon dioxide from the body. Breathlessness, a persistent cough, weariness, and a decreased ability to tolerate physical activity are some of the uncomfortable symptoms that occur from this. IPF can develop differently from person to person, although it often follows a pattern of slow decline. The lung tissue stiffens and loses elasticity with time, making it more difficult for those with IPF to breathe deeply. Their quality of life may be significantly impacted by this decreased lung capacity, which makes simple activities like ascending stairs and short distances on foot difficult. Additionally, IPF is linked to a high death rate, and the typical survival time after diagnosis is only a few years. Because IPF and other lung disorders are similar, diagnosing it can be difficult. To confirm the diagnosis, it frequently calls for a thorough examination by a pulmonologist that includes a thorough medical history, lung function tests, imaging tests like high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and in some cases, a lung biopsy. IPF cannot be cured, however there have been substantial improvements in its management in recent years. Some individuals' lung function has improved and the progression of the disease has been slowed down by medications such nintedanib and pirfenidone. Despite these available treatments, having IPF still places a heavy strain on patients and their families. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be explored, but not everyone is a good candidate because of things like age and general health. Supportive care, such as oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, can improve a patient's quality of life and assist control symptoms. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a difficult and mysterious lung condition that presents many difficulties for patients, medical professionals, and researchers. IPF is a chronic and ultimately fatal syndrome that has a significant impact on the lives of those affected, even while there are treatments available to delay its course. Current research efforts are concentrated on figuring out the disease's underlying causes and creating more efficient medicines to enhance the prognosis and quality of life for those with IPF.
