The virus known as HIV targets the immune system, more especially the CD4 cells (T cells), which aid the body in fending off diseases. HIV can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) if treatment is not received. HIV can spread via coming into touch with specific bodily fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk from an infected individual.HIV targets CD4 cells when it enters the body and uses them as a host to multiply. Over time, this process impairs immunity, reducing the body's capacity to fight off illnesses and infections. The likelihood of developing some malignancies and opportunistic infections rises with a decrease in CD4 cell count.The most prevalent way for HIV to spread is through unprotected sexual contact with an infected individual. In addition, sharing syringes and needles with an infected person can spread it, as can mother-to-child transmission during birthing or nursing.The following are possible early signs of HIV infection: fever, rash, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes, aches in the muscles and joints, and diarrhea. But frequently, these symptoms are modest and go unreported. If there's a potential of exposure, it's critical to get tested because HIV can linger undiagnosed for years without showing any symptoms.The best defense against HIV is to use condoms correctly and regularly, avoid sharing needles, and engage in safe sexual behavior. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a class of drugs that can also effectively control HIV and stop the disease from progressing to AIDS. When used as directed, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lower the body's viral load to undetectable levels, maintaining the patient's health and decreasing the likelihood that they will infect others.It is imperative that individuals who are at risk of HIV receive frequent testing. Treatment and diagnosis received early enough can greatly enhance results. Thanks to breakthroughs in therapy, HIV is no longer a death sentence. People with HIV can live long, healthy lives if they receive the right medical care and follow their treatment plan. To stop the virus from spreading and lessen the stigma attached to it, prevention is still essential.
