Grand mal seizures, also known as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, are among the most severe and visible types of seizures. These seizures affect the entire brain and often manifest in two phases: tonic and clonic. The tonic phase of a seizure is marked by abrupt and strong muscular spasms throughout the body. The person may lose consciousness suddenly and tumble to the ground. Muscles stiffen, causing the person to be rigid. Breathing may cease or become erratic, resulting in bluish skin caused by a shortage of oxygen. The seizure enters the clonic phase after the tonic phase. The cyclic jerking movements induced by alternating muscle spasms and relaxations characterize this period. Jerking movements are typically violent and impact both sides of the body. During this stage, you may experience salivation, tongue biting, and lack of bladder or bowel control. Due to the air traveling past the vocal cords during the erratic breathing, the person may appear to be convulsing and making guttural sounds. Tonic-clonic seizures usually last a few minutes, but they can feel much longer to people who witness or experience them. Following the seizure, the individual may stay unconscious or enter a confused and disoriented state known as the postictal state. This period might continue from a few minutes to several hours, during which the individual may feel tired, have difficulty speaking or understanding language, have headaches, or exhibit other cognitive symptoms. Individuals' triggers for these seizures can vary greatly. Lack of sleep, stress, missed medications, flashing lights, certain medications or substances, alcohol withdrawal, or specific medical disorders affecting the brain are all common triggers. Medication is frequently used to prevent or minimize the frequency and severity of tonic-clonic seizures. Individuals with epilepsy or who have regular seizures may benefit from lifestyle changes such as maintaining a consistent sleep pattern, stress management techniques, and avoiding recognized triggers. Individuals having generalized tonic-clonic seizures should seek medical assistance for an accurate diagnosis and treatment, as a healthcare practitioner may provide specific information and support to help them manage the illness effectively.
