A class of chemical compounds known as formamidine derivatives has a core amidine group (-C(NH)-NH2) attached to different substituents. These derivatives are important in material science, agricultural chemistry, and medicinal chemistry because of their varied chemical and biological characteristics. Formamidine derivatives are well-known in medicinal chemistry because of their pharmacological properties. By improving glucose absorption, amidino-substituted guanidines, for example, have demonstrated antidiabetic benefits. Furthermore, the potential of formamidine-based compounds as antiviral medicines has been studied; several of these compounds have shown encouraging efficacy against RNA viruses. Moreover, a few formamidine derivatives have demonstrated strong antibacterial capabilities, which makes them potential treatments for bacterial illnesses that are resistant to drugs. Formamidine derivatives are used as agrochemicals in agriculture, especially as insects and herbicides. Because certain compounds, such formamidinesulfamide, have a selective activity against particular plant species, they are utilized for weed management. Furthermore, formamidine pesticides have shown effective against insect pests, providing a less harmful substitute for conventional insecticides for the environment. Derivatives of formamidines are also important in material science since they help create functional materials. These substances are used to create coordination complexes and polymers with a variety of characteristics, such as conductivity, luminescence, and catalytic activity. Furthermore, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas storage and separation have been applied with ligands based on formamidines. Usually, amidines react with other electrophiles or nucleophiles to produce derivatives of formamidines. Guanidines can be hydrolyzed to produce amidines, or primary amines can be condensed with cyanamide. The amidine moiety can be functionalized further to produce a variety of derivatives with desired characteristics. Formamidine derivatives may provide difficulties in terms of synthesis, stability, and toxicity, despite their adaptability and possible uses. To obtain these molecules, effective synthetic pathways and reactivity control techniques are crucial. Furthermore, for safe and sustainable use, a detailed assessment of their biological and environmental effects is essential. To sum up, formamidine derivatives are a broad class of molecules with important applications in material science, medicine, and agriculture.
