Endocarditis is a dangerous medical illness characterized by inflammation of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. This condition is usually caused by an infection, which is usually bacterial, but fungi or other microbes can also be to blame. The infection commonly enters the circulation by dental treatments, skin infections, or intravenous drug usage. Once in the bloodstream, bacteria can enter the heart and settle on injured endocardium or heart valves. Pre-existing cardiac diseases, such as congenital heart abnormalities, prosthetic heart valves, or a history of endocarditis, are risk factors for endocarditis. Repeated needle usage, which can bring bacteria into the bloodstream, puts intravenous drug users at danger as well. Endocarditis symptoms can be vague and vary from person to person. Fever, chills, tiredness, and painful joints and muscles are common symptoms. Patients may also develop cardiovascular symptoms such as heart murmurs, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Petechiae, or small, painless patches on the skin, may also occur. These symptoms can appear gradually over time, making diagnosis difficult. Endocarditis is frequently diagnosed using a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and imaging procedures like as echocardiography. Blood cultures are critical for identifying the pathogenic organism and determining the best antibiotic treatment. Endocarditis is often treated with a long course of intravenous antibiotics tailored to the specific bacteria causing the infection. Surgery may be required in some circumstances to repair or replace damaged heart valves. Prompt and proper treatment is critical to avoid consequences such as heart failure, stroke, or infection spread to other regions of the body. Endocarditis prevention relies on prophylactic antibiotics for high-risk individuals, particularly before specific dental or medical procedures that could introduce bacteria into the bloodstream. Endocarditis is a dangerous medical illness that necessitates immediate medical intervention. Many patients with endocarditis have a fair prognosis with correct treatment and management, but early detection and intervention are critical to avoid potentially life-threatening consequences.
