Abnormal bleeding from the uterus without a known biological cause is the hallmark of a frequent gynecological disorder known as dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). It mainly affects women who are fertile, and it can cause severe discomfort and interfere with day-to-day activities. It is essential to comprehend DUB's causes, symptoms, and available treatments in order to effectively manage this disorder. Causes: Although the precise origin of DUB is frequently unknown, hormonal imbalances—specifically, abnormalities in the regular cycling of progesterone and estrogen—are suspected to be involved. Unpredictable bleeding patterns might result from the endometrium, or lining of the uterus, growing excessively or shedding irregularly due to an imbalance in these hormones. Symptoms: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the primary sign of DUB and can appear as: prolonged, heavy menstrual flow that is not typical irregular menstrual cycles, with differing intervals of time between cycles Period-to-period bleeding (intermenstrual hemorrhage) bleeding or spotting following menopause bleeding following sex For many women, these symptoms can be upsetting and frightening, which lowers their quality of life and creates emotional distress. Diagnosis: A complete medical history, a physical examination, and frequently testing to rule out other possible reasons of irregular bleeding are all part of diagnosing DUB. These examinations could consist of: Using pelvic ultrasonography to measure the endometrial thickness Hormone level assessment through blood testing endometrial biopsy to look for anomalies in the tissue lining the uterus Therapy: The woman's age, desire for future fertility, and the severity of her symptoms are some of the criteria that determine how she will be treated with DUB. Possible choices could be: Hormonal therapy: Hormone replacement therapy, hormonal IUDs, and birth control pills can all help control the menstrual cycle and lessen bleeding. NSAIDs, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, can lessen the pain and flow of blood during menstruation. Endometrial ablation: A common operation for women who want to stop having children, it involves destroying the lining of the uterus. Hysterectomy: Removing the uterus is a suggested treatment in extreme situations or when other treatments are not working. Women who are experiencing irregular bleeding from their uterus should get medical attention right away. Emotional and physical health can both be impacted by DUB, and well-managed DUB can significantly enhance quality of life. To address DUB and its possible complications, routine gynecological exams and open discussion with healthcare specialists are essential.
