The heart's blood arteries are impacted by the common and possibly fatal disorder known as coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD, sometimes referred to as ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease, is the result of the coronary arteries narrowing or blocking, depriving the heart muscle of oxygen-rich blood. This obstruction in blood flow may result in angina (chest pain), a heart attack, or other severe consequences.Atherosclerosis, a disorder in which plaque accumulates inside the arteries, is the main cause of coronary heart disease (CAD). Calcium, fat, cholesterol, and other chemicals found in blood make up plaque. This plaque has the potential to harden and restrict the arteries over time, lowering heart blood flow. The development of atherosclerosis and CAD is influenced by a number of factors, including smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, lack of physical exercise, and poor diet. Chest pain or discomfort (angina), which might feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the chest, is a common CAD symptom. It's possible that the arms, neck, jaw, shoulders, or back will also hurt. Lightheadedness, exhaustion, nausea, and shortness of breath are some more symptoms. It's crucial to remember that some people with CAD may have silent ischemia, a condition in which they show no symptoms. A physical examination, a number of tests, and a review of medical history are usually used to diagnose CAD. An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), stress test, coronary angiography, CT scan, or cardiac catheterization are a few examples of these examinations. Early identification is essential because it enables prompt management and intervention to stop additional cardiac damage. Reducing symptoms, enhancing heart function, and averting consequences are the goals of CAD treatment. A healthy weight can be maintained, stress management, regular exercise, giving up smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, and regulating one's weight are all important lifestyle adjustments. Aspirin, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, statins, and other medications may be recommended to regulate blood pressure, cholesterol, and avoid blood clots. It may be advised to undergo operations like coronary artery bypass surgery or angioplasty and stenting when CAD is severe or when lifestyle modifications and medicines are insufficient. These procedures aid in symptom relief and the restoration of blood flow to the heart muscle. CAD is a dangerous illness that needs to be managed continuously along with changes to lifestyle. Many people with CAD can have active, satisfying lives and lower their risk of heart-related problems with appropriate therapy and lifestyle modifications. The key to effectively controlling CAD is maintaining a healthy lifestyle, adhering to treatment protocols, and conducting regular monitoring.
