Both the colon and the rectum, two sections of the digestive system, can develop colon cancer, commonly referred to as colorectal cancer. Usually, it begins as tiny, noncancerous cell clusters known as polyps, which can form on the rectum or colon's inner lining. If not found and removed promptly, some of these polyps have the potential to develop into cancer over time.Although colon cancer symptoms might vary, frequent indicators include altered bowel habits, such as constipation, diarrhea, or prolonged narrowing of the stool. Additional potential indicators include blood in the stool, weakness, pain or discomfort in the abdomen, and unexplained weight loss. But it's vital to remember that early-stage colon cancer frequently shows no symptoms, which is why screenings on a regular basis are essential.A family history of colon cancer or polyps, a personal history of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and certain genetic syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also known as Lynch syndrome, are risk factors for colon cancer. The majority of cases of colon cancer occur in people over 50. For those at average risk, screening for colon cancer using techniques such as colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or stool testing (such as FIT or fecal immunochemical test) is advised beginning at age 45. By identifying and eliminating polyps before they develop into cancer, these tests can potentially help prevent cancer by detecting it at an early stage when it is most treatable.The stage at which colon cancer is diagnosed determines the course of treatment. The initial course of treatment is frequently surgery, in which the malignant section of the colon or rectum is removed. To target any cancer cells that may still be present and lower the chance of recurrence, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may occasionally be administered either before or after surgery. Other alternatives for treating some kinds of colon cancer include immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and clinical trials.The best defense against colon cancer is prevention, and there are some lifestyle choices that can significantly lower the risk. A lower risk of this disease can be achieved by maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in physical activity, eating a diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while minimizing red and processed meats, and abstaining from tobacco and excessive alcohol use. A healthy lifestyle, awareness of risk factors, regular screenings, and knowledge of the disease's symptoms are all crucial components in the fight against colon cancer, which is largely preventable and highly treatable with early detection and treatment.
