One form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that mostly affects the colon and rectum is called ulcerative colitis, which results in inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the digestive tract. This long-term illness can cause a variety of symptoms, ranging from minor to severe, and it frequently needs continuous care to manage flare-ups and enhance quality of life.Bloody diarrhea is one of the main signs and symptoms of ulcerative colitis, and its intensity might vary. This happens because the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and ulcerated, which causes mucus and blood to leak out. In addition to diarrhea, some people may also have cramps and stomach ache, which usually go away after they pass stool. The hallmarks of ulcerative colitis include flare-ups, during which symptoms are worse, and remissions, during which time symptoms are negligible or nonexistent. These flare-ups can occur without warning and be brought on by dietary changes, stress, infections, or adjustments to medication.The body may experience systemic repercussions from ulcerative colitis in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. Due to the body's immunological response and the energy requirements of inflammation, fatigue is a common symptom. Loss of weight can happen, particularly during flare-ups when the body finds it difficult to effectively absorb nutrients from diet. Serious complications can arise from ulcerative colitis. Ulcers that bleed and raise the risk of anemia can develop as a result of severe inflammation. In rare instances, the inflammation may spread outside of the colon and impact the skin, joints, and eyes.Although the precise origin of ulcerative colitis is unknown, immune system, environmental, and genetic factors are thought to play a role. Given that the illness typically runs in families, genetics may be involved. Smoking, stress, and food are examples of environmental factors that might affect how the disease progresses. The goals of ulcerative colitis treatment are to lessen symptoms, manage inflammation, and enhance quality of life. Commonly used medications include immunosuppressants, biologics, and anti-inflammatories. A colonoscopy (surgical to remove the colon) may be required in extreme circumstances, offering a possible remedy.Changing one's lifestyle to manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis includes eating a balanced diet, learning to manage stress, and exercising frequently. Counseling and support groups can be helpful in managing the psychological and emotional effects of the illness. Many people with ulcerative colitis can have full and active lives if they receive the right care.
