Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical disorder characterized by decreased blood flow in the veins, mainly in the lower limbs. This illness develops when the veins' valves, which are responsible for maintaining one-way blood flow back to the heart, weaken or fail. As a result, blood collects in the veins, causing increased pressure and other symptoms. Long periods of standing or sitting are one of the leading causes of CVI because they make it difficult for the blood to flow against gravity. Aging, obesity, and a family history of venous insufficiency can all contribute to the onset of this illness.CVI symptoms include swelling in the legs and ankles, soreness or heaviness in the affected limbs, and the development of varicose veins. Venous hypertension is the defining feature of CVI, in which elevated pressure within the veins causes inflammation and damage to the surrounding tissues. Over time, this might cause skin changes like stasis dermatitis or venous ulcers. Stasis dermatitis is distinguished by redness, scaling, and itching of the skin, whereas venous ulcers are open sores that commonly originate near the ankle. CVI is diagnosed with a complete medical history, physical examination, and, in many cases, imaging investigations such as duplex ultrasound to measure blood flow in the afflicted veins. Early action is critical in controlling CVI to avoid complications. Lifestyle changes, such as frequent exercise, elevating the legs, and avoiding lengthy periods of sitting or standing, are critical in managing this illness. Compression therapy, which involves wearing compression stockings or bandages, is a popular treatment for relieving symptoms and improving blood flow. Medications to improve vein health and minimize inflammation may also be administered. In more severe cases, treatments such as endovenous ablation or vein stripping may be used to treat the underlying venous insufficiency. In conclusion, Chronic Venous Insufficiency is a disorder that impairs the venous circulation in the lower limbs, resulting in a variety of symptoms and problems. Early detection and a comprehensive approach to management are critical for enhancing the quality of life for people with CVI.
