Chronic stable angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by a lack of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle due to constricted coronary arteries. This syndrome is frequently predictable, provoked by physical exertion, emotional stress, or excessive temperatures. Typically, the soreness is transient and can be eased with rest or medication. Chronic stable angina is caused mostly by coronary artery disease (CAD), in which plaque builds up and narrows the arteries that deliver blood to the heart. When the heart requires more oxygen, such as during exercise, the constricted arteries restrict blood flow, causing chest pain or discomfort known as angina. Chronic stable angina symptoms typically involve squeezing, pressure, heaviness, or tightness in the chest. The ache may move to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back. Some persons report shortness of breath, nausea, exhaustion, or dizziness in addition to chest pain. A thorough study of a patient's medical history, physical examination, and numerous tests are frequently used to make a diagnosis. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), stress tests, coronary angiography, and imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs can all help confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the problem. The goal of managing chronic stable angina is to alleviate symptoms, reduce the frequency and severity of events, and avoid consequences. Lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, exercising regularly, managing stress, and keeping a healthy weight are critical. Nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and aspirin are all medications that can help with symptom management and consequences. Some people with severe symptoms who aren't responding well to medication or lifestyle modifications may benefit from surgical procedures such as angioplasty with stent implantation or bypass surgery to enhance blood flow to the heart. Regular monitoring and follow-ups with healthcare providers are required for patients with chronic stable angina in order to change treatment programs as needed and monitor for any advancement of the condition. Understanding causes and learning to manage stress can dramatically improve the quality of life for people with chronic stable angina. As with any cardiac ailment, timely medical attention during angina attacks is critical to avoiding complications and receiving appropriate therapy.
