Chronic Idiopathic Constipation (CIC) is a long-term condition in adults that is characterized by infrequent bowel movements, difficulty moving feces, and the sense of incomplete evacuation. Despite efforts to pinpoint the etiology, CIC frequently remains idiopathic, hence the label "idiopathic." CIC symptoms differ from person to person, but they typically include bowel movement straining, lumpy or hard stools, a feeling of blockage or obstruction in the rectum, and the requirement for manual maneuvers to facilitate bowel movements. Furthermore, abdominal discomfort, bloating, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation following bowel movements are common complaints. CIC can be caused by a variety of reasons, including poor lifestyle habits, a low-fiber diet, insufficient fluid intake, a lack of physical activity, certain medications, and neglecting the urge to urinate. Furthermore, neurological and hormonal abnormalities might contribute to the disease by interfering with the regular functioning of the digestive system. CIC is diagnosed with a thorough investigation of the patient's medical history, symptoms, physical examination, and sometimes diagnostic procedures such as blood tests, colonoscopy, or imaging scans to rule out underlying illnesses. The Rome IV criteria are frequently used to aid in diagnosis, highlighting symptoms such as intestinal straining and lumpy or firm stools. Managing CIC often entails lifestyle adjustments such as increasing fiber consumption, staying hydrated, and engaging in frequent physical activity. To relieve symptoms and improve bowel movements, healthcare practitioners may offer over-the-counter laxatives or prescription drugs such as osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, or prokinetics. More advanced treatments, including as biofeedback therapy, sacral nerve stimulation, or surgical techniques, may be considered for some people with severe or refractory CIC. These procedures, however, are often reserved for instances that are recalcitrant to conservative therapy. Individuals suffering from persistent constipation must seek medical attention for thorough evaluation and treatment customized to their specific condition. A multidisciplinary strategy that includes gastroenterologists, nutritionists, and other healthcare specialists can provide comprehensive assistance and enhance the quality of life for people suffering from Chronic Idiopathic Constipation.
