A form of cancer that affects the cervix, the little opening that connects the uterus to the vagina, is called cervical cancer. It is a major global public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income nations where access to healthcare and preventative measures is constrained. Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus, high-risk strains of which are persistently infected, is the main cause of cervical cancer. The development of HPV vaccinations to protect against these high-risk strains has the potential to drastically lower the incidence of cervical cancer. The development of pre-cancerous lesions known as cervical dysplasia or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the first step in the progression of cervical cancer, which normally takes place over a period of years. These precancerous lesions can potentially develop into aggressive cervical cancer if neglected. These precancerous alterations can be identified early with routine screening with Pap smears or HPV tests, enabling rapid intervention and treatment. Early screening and detection are crucial in stopping the growth of cervical cancer because it frequently exhibits no symptoms in its early stages. Abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, pain during sexual activity, and weight loss are all signs of advanced cervical cancer. It can be difficult to treat cervical cancer once it has progressed and spread outside of the cervix, and it may call for a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted medicines. It is impossible to stress the significance of cervical cancer early identification and prevention. The prevalence of cervical cancer can be decreased through routine HPV vaccination for young people, routine cervical cancer screenings, and instruction on safe sexual behavior. The differences in cervical cancer rates seen around the world must also be addressed, and this calls for actions to increase healthcare access and knowledge among marginalized groups. It is possible to drastically lessen the burden of cervical cancer and save countless lives with these multiple strategies.
