Cancer therapies cover a wide range of therapeutic modalities intended to address the complex and heterogeneous group of illnesses referred to as cancer. Surgery, which involves physically removing the tumour or damaged tissue from the body, is one of the main techniques used in the treatment of cancer. Localised tumours respond particularly well to surgical interventions, and technical improvements like minimally invasive techniques and robotic-assisted surgery have improved patient outcomes and recuperation times. Radiation therapy, which uses powerful radiation beams to target and kill cancer cells, is another essential component of cancer care. The tumours can be reduced in size, their growth can be controlled, and the symptoms can be reduced using this non-invasive method. Technologies like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and proton therapy have made it possible to deliver radiation more precisely and specifically, sparing healthy tissues and minimising negative effects. For many cancer patients, chemotherapy is still a crucial treatment choice. Drugs are used in this systemic therapy to either kill or stop the spread of cancer cells throughout the body. The impact of chemotherapy on rapidly dividing cells can result in side effects, although breakthroughs in targeted medicines have evolved that directly target cancer cells while protecting healthy cells, minimising unwanted effects. In cancer treatment, the practise of using several different treatment techniques simultaneously is known as combination therapy. The objective is to assault cancer cells from various perspectives, enhancing therapy effectiveness and lowering the risk of resistance arising.Cancer treatments are becoming more individualised, efficient, and handicapping as cancer research progresses. However, issues like drug resistance and the heterogeneity of cancer still exist, demanding continued attempts to enhance current treatments and investigate cutting-edge strategies to defeat this powerful illness. The medical community is making substantial progress towards improved outcomes and a brighter future for cancer patients around the world through multidisciplinary collaboration, cutting-edge technology, and a profound understanding of cancer biology.
