Bronchitis is a respiratory illness marked by inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the air channels that transport air to the lungs. There are two types of bronchitis: acute and chronic. Acute bronchitis is usually caused by viruses like the common cold or influenza. It is a transient condition that typically cures on its own within a few weeks. The symptoms include a prolonged cough, mucus production, chest discomfort, and, in rare cases, fever. Acute bronchitis is very contagious and can spread via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is a severe and long-term illness. It is frequently connected with smoking and exposure to environmental irritants such as air pollution. Chronic bronchitis is characterized as a persistent cough lasting at least three months in two consecutive years. Over time, inflammation and irritation of the bronchial tubes can cause the formation of extra mucus, restricting the airways and making breathing difficult. Bronchitis is commonly caused by smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, repeated respiratory infections, and occupational exposure to lung irritants. People with compromised immune systems, the elderly, and small children are more likely to acquire bronchitis. Bronchitis is normally diagnosed using a medical history, physical examination, and, in certain cases, additional tests such as chest X-rays or pulmonary function tests. Acute bronchitis treatment consists mostly of rest, fluids, and over-the-counter drugs to relieve symptoms. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, hence they are rarely used for acute bronchitis unless there is a bacterial infection. Chronic bronchitis is managed through lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, avoiding lung irritants, and maybe utilizing bronchodilators or anti-inflammatory drugs to assist open the airways and reduce inflammation. In extreme situations, oxygen treatment or pulmonary rehabilitation may be indicated. Bronchitis can be prevented by adopting healthy habits such as stopping smoking, practicing proper hand hygiene, and avoiding respiratory irritants. Vaccination against influenza and pneumonia can also lower the risk of getting bronchitis, particularly in vulnerable groups.
