Brain cancer is defined as abnormal cell proliferation in the brain. These cells proliferate uncontrollably, generating a lump known as a tumor. Tumors are classified as either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Malignant brain tumors are more aggressive and can penetrate nearby brain tissue, making treatment difficult. Primary brain cancers develop within the brain, but secondary brain tumors, also known as metastatic tumors, develop elsewhere in the body and spread to the brain. Brain tumors are classified according to the cells from which they arise and their location in the brain. The most frequent kind is glioma, which arises from glial cells. Meningiomas, which originate in the meninges (protective membranes around the brain), and medulloblastomas, which form in the bottom back of the brain, are two more forms. Although the actual causes of brain cancer are not entirely known, several risk factors may enhance one's chances of having it. Radiation exposure, a family history of brain tumors, certain genetic diseases, and, in some situations, environmental variables are among these risk factors. The symptoms of brain cancer might vary based on the size, location, and rate of growth of the tumor. Persistent headaches, seizures, changes in vision or hearing, difficulties balancing, speech impairments, and cognitive abnormalities are all common symptoms. Brain cancer is frequently diagnosed using a combination of imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans, neurological evaluations, and a biopsy to study a sample of the abnormal tissue. The kind, location, and stage of the tumor all influence treatment options for brain cancer. If the tumor is accessible and can be safely removed without causing severe damage to key brain functions, surgery is frequently the first approach. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted medication therapy, and immunotherapy are also used to target cancer cells and slow their growth, either alone or in combination. Managing brain cancer can be difficult, and prognosis varies greatly depending on the type and stage of the tumor. Research advances continue to improve treatment options and outcomes, with an emphasis on targeted medicines and customized therapy to address this complicated disease. Furthermore, continual support and care for individuals and their families are critical components of coping with the physical and emotional consequences of brain cancer.