A class of drugs called beta-blockers, commonly referred to as beta-adrenergic blockers, are primarily used to treat various cardiovascular diseases and disorders. The "fight or flight" reaction in the body is brought on by the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, which are blocked by these medications. The effects of these hormones are lessened by beta-blockers by binding to beta receptors on the cell surface, especially those in the heart, blood arteries, and lungs. This results in a reduction in heart rate, blood pressure, and the force with which the heart muscle contracts. This makes beta-blockers useful for treating illnesses including hypertension (high blood pressure), angina (chest pain), arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and even some types of migraines. Beta-blockers can also be taken after a heart attack to increase survival and lower the risk of further cardiac occurrences. They are also employed in the treatment of some types of anxiety disorders, including social anxiety. It's crucial to be aware that there are various beta-blocker varieties, including non-selective ones that affect both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors and selective ones that target certain beta receptors. Due to the way they work, beta-blockers should be used with caution in people who have certain medical disorders, such as asthma, as they may make them worse. bronchoconstriction. The adverse effects of beta-blockers might include fatigue, drowsiness, cold hands and feet, and in rare circumstances, sexual dysfunction, just like with other medicine. Before beginning or quitting any medicine, people should speak with a healthcare provider because the proper usage of beta-blockers depends on the patient's medical history and current state.
