The non-cancerous disorder known as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), sometimes known as prostate enlargement, primarily affects elderly men. The prostate gland, which naturally tends to expand with age and is a vital component of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra. Although the precise origin of BPH is unknown, it is thought to be related to hormonal changes, particularly an increase in levels of the testosterone derivative dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Numerous symptoms related to the urinary system might develop as the prostate gland enlarges and begins to gradually restrict the urethra. These signs and symptoms can include incomplete bladder emptying, frequent urination (particularly at night), weak urine flow, difficulty initiating and ending urination, and urinary retention. The severity of symptoms might vary greatly, with some people only feeling slight discomfort and others possibly dealing with more noticeable disruptions in their everyday lives. The medical history of the patient, a physical examination, and maybe other tests like a digital rectal exam, a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and imaging tests like ultrasound are frequently used to make a diagnosis. Alpha-blockers or 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are examples of medications that can help manage symptoms by relaxing the prostate and shrinking its size. Watchful waiting is also an option for mild cases of BPH. Minimally invasive techniques like transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or laser therapy may be considered in more serious instances. In order to decide the best course of action based on their unique circumstances and medical history, it is crucial for those suffering symptoms to speak with a healthcare practitioner.
