A frequent vaginal infection that mostly affects women of reproductive age is bacterial vaginosis (BV). It happens as a result of an imbalance in the vagina's natural microbial ecosystem, when the typical ratio of harmful to good bacteria is upset. BV is characterised by an overgrowth of different anaerobic bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Prevotella, and Atopobium species, among others, as opposed to the usual dominance of lactobacilli. Although the precise aetiology of BV is unknown, it is thought to be impacted by a number of factors including sexual activity, douching, and the use of specific hygiene products. The most obvious sign of bacterial vaginosis is an unpleasant vaginal discharge that frequently has a fishy or unpleasant odour. The discharge could be thin and have a grayish-white hue. The vaginal area may also itch, burn, or irritate a lot of the affected women. However, some BV-infected women may not show any symptoms at all, making routine exams and screenings crucial for early infection detection. Although BV is not regarded as a STI (sexually transmitted infection), having intercourse increases the likelihood of getting the disease. Additionally, women who engage in same-sex relationships or have several sexual partners are more likely to have BV. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for expectant mothers since pregnant women with BV may have issues including preterm birth or low birth weight in their babies. The best way to prevent BV is to practise proper genital hygiene and abstain from actions that can upset the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina. In order to lessen the possibility of introducing dangerous bacteria into the vaginal environment, this involves restricting the use of scented soaps, douching, and feminine hygiene products. It also includes using condoms during sexual activity. Regular gynaecological examinations, especially for women who are sexually active or pregnant, can aid in the early detection and management of BV. Women can actively protect their reproductive health and wellbeing by being aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures related to bacterial vaginosis.
