The term "autoimmune diseases" refers to a wide range of illnesses in which the body's own tissues are wrongly attacked by the immune system because it thinks they are foreign invaders. This problem can impact several organs and systems inside the body, resulting in a variety of symptoms and complications. Over 80 different forms of autoimmune disorders have been identified; each has its own distinct features, but they are all characterized by an aberrant immune system.Rheumatoid arthritis is among the most well-known autoimmune disorders (RA). In RA, inflammation, discomfort, stiffness, and eventually bone and cartilage degradation are the main effects of the immune system attacking the joints. If left untreated, this might result in disabilities and abnormalities. Medication to decrease immune system activity, lower inflammation, and stop additional joint damage is a common treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Systemic lupus erythematosus, sometimes known as lupus or SLE, is another common autoimmune illness. The skin, joints, kidneys, heart, and brain are among the body parts that lupus can damage. From minor side effects like skin rashes and joint stiffness to more serious ones like kidney failure or inflammation of the heart or brain, symptoms can vary widely. Along with lifestyle changes, lupus treatment usually entails taking drugs to suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. Another autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). The immune system targets myelin, the sheath that protects nerve fibers in multiple sclerosis (MS), impairing brain-to-body transmission. Numerous symptoms, including as exhaustion, limb numbness or weakness, trouble walking, eyesight issues, and cognitive abnormalities, may result from this. The goals of MS treatment are to control symptoms, limit the rate at which the disease progresses, and alter the immune system to lessen nervous system attacks. An autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes is characterized by the immune system attacking the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This causes elevated blood sugar levels, which, if not well controlled, can result in a number of problems. For the duration of their lives, people with type 1 diabetes must take insulin therapy in order to control their blood sugar levels and avoid complications like renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and nerve damage. These are only a few instances of autoimmune illnesses, each with particular difficulties and therapies. The field of autoimmune problems is still developing, which gives hope for more effective treatments and better control of these intricate illnesses.
