Atherosclerosis is the process that causes blood clots to form in arteries, and these disorders are collectively referred to as atherothrombotic events. If not handled properly, these incidents carry a high risk to cardiovascular health and can have dire repercussions. The underlying problem, atherosclerosis, is caused by plaque accumulation in the arteries. Calcium, lipids, cholesterol, and other elements from the blood make up this plaque. Plaque has the potential to harden and narrow the arteries over time, limiting blood flow to important tissues and organs. Atherosclerosis can cause myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemic stroke, two conditions known as atherothrombotic events. These happen when a blood clot forms on the surface of a broken or worn plaque, preventing blood flow to the area beyond the obstruction.A myocardial infarction, also referred to as a heart attack, happens when there is a significant reduction or blockage in the blood supply to a specific area of the heart muscle. The heart muscle is deprived of oxygen and nutrients due to this blood flow restriction, which can cause tissue damage or even death. Breathlessness, nausea, dizziness, and chest pain or discomfort are some of the signs and symptoms of a heart attack. An ischemic stroke is the result of a blood clot obstructing an artery giving blood to the brain or a brain blood vessel burst, which lowers blood flow. This disruption in blood flow causes harm to the affected area by depriving brain cells of oxygen and nutrients. An ischemic stroke can cause abrupt weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, disorientation, trouble speaking or comprehending speech, and abrupt visual issues.Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are medical emergencies that need to be treated right once in order to minimize damage to essential tissues and restore blood flow. Thrombolytic pharmaceuticals, blockage removal or bypass surgeries (angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery), and antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications that stop new clot formation are some of the treatment options. Managing risk factors such high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle is essential to preventing atherothrombotic events. A nutritious diet, consistent exercise, keeping a healthy weight, and quitting smoking are just a few examples of lifestyle modifications that can dramatically lower the risk of atherosclerosis and atherothrombotic events. Frequent screenings and examinations by doctors can also aid in the early detection and management of risk factors.
