Anticoagulants are pharmacological medicines that inhibit the formation of blood clots in the circulatory system.These drugs are critical in treating and preventing illnesses related with irregular blood clotting, such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and certain cardiovascular diseases.Anticoagulants reduce the risk of thrombosis by interfering with the blood clotting process, which can result in major health consequences. Vitamin K antagonists, such as warfarin, are one of the most often used anticoagulants.These drugs block the manufacture of clotting components that rely on vitamin K, delaying the blood clotting cascade. Despite its efficiency, vitamin K antagonists require careful monitoring due to their small therapeutic window, which means that the dosage must be closely adjusted to produce the desired anticoagulant effect while minimizing the risk of bleeding. Another type of anticoagulant that has gained popularity in recent years is direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). DOACs, unlike vitamin K antagonists, directly target specific clotting factors, such as thrombin or factor Xa, thus do not require frequent monitoring. While this makes DOACs more convenient for consumers, healthcare practitioners must still consider specific patient features and potential drug interactions when prescribing them. While anticoagulants are important for preventing excessive blood clotting, they are not without dangers. The most serious danger with these drugs is the risk of bleeding problems. Striking the correct balance between clot prevention and excessive bleeding is a complex undertaking that must be done with care, taking into account the patient's overall health, medical history, and current medications. Regular monitoring of blood markers, such as the international normalized ratio (INR) for vitamin K antagonists, aids healthcare providers in determining the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant therapy. Patients using anticoagulants must also be taught on the symptoms of bleeding and the significance of prompt medical attention. Finally, anticoagulants are essential in the treatment of blood coagulation disorders. While they do pose a risk of bleeding issues, their careful and prudent usage under medical supervision considerably minimizes the likelihood of adverse events, making them valuable instruments in modern medicine.