Angina, often known as gripping or squeezing chest pain, is a symptom of a heart problem. It happens when blood supply to the heart muscles is limited, usually owing to constricted or blocked coronary arteries. These arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the heart. When they get clogged, the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen, resulting in angina. Angina can be classified into three types: stable angina, unstable angina, and variable angina (Prinzmetal's angina). Stable angina is predictable and happens most commonly after physical exercise or stress when the heart wants more oxygen. The discomfort is frequently reported as a tightness, heaviness, or pressure in the chest, although it can also occur in the neck, arms, shoulders, or back. Rest or medication can help with this type of soreness. Unstable angina is more unpredictable and can occur even while the patient is at rest. It is frequently a symptom of a more serious condition and can result in a heart attack. discomfort from unstable angina can be more severe and last longer than discomfort from stable angina. Variant angina, also known as Prinzmetal's angina, is less common and usually occurs at rest. It is produced by a transient spasm in the coronary arteries, which results in decreased blood flow. This type of angina can be severe, but medicine normally works well. Angina is diagnosed using a mix of medical history, physical exams, and sometimes testing such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, angiography, or cardiac CT scan to check the condition and blood flow of the heart. The goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms, prevent problems, and enhance overall heart health. Smoking cessation, a nutritious diet, regular exercise, and stress reduction are all important lifestyle modifications. To control symptoms and prevent further complications, medications such as nitroglycerin, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and aspirin may be recommended. Procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery may be required in some circumstances to restore appropriate blood flow to the heart. To decrease risk factors and maximize heart health, patients and healthcare teams must work together to manage angina. Individuals with angina must have regular check-ups and follow the suggested treatment plan in order to reduce the risk of complications and enhance their quality of life.
