The terrible neurodegenerative disorder Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, primarily affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Due to its severe effects on persons who are diagnosed with it, this disorder was initially characterized by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot in the 19th century and has since attracted considerable attention. Motor neurons, which are in charge of relaying signals from the brain to the muscles all throughout the body, gradually degenerate in people with ALS. People with ALS endure a wide range of incapacitating symptoms when these neurons degenerate. Muscle weakness is one of the defining characteristics of ALS, which might start off as minor symptoms like stumbling while walking or having trouble gripping things. This weakness worsens over time, resulting in muscular atrophy and a decline in fine motor skills. Daily activities including speaking, eating, and dressing may become more difficult for patients. Over time, the respiratory muscles are impacted, making it challenging for people to breathe on their own. Both upper and lower motor neurons can be affected by ALS, which causes a combination of spasticity and muscular atrophy that causes stiffness and uncontrollable twitching. Despite intensive investigation, only a small portion of ALS cases have been linked to genetic abnormalities, making the specific etiology of the disease mysterious in most instances. As a result, it is now one of the most mysterious diseases in the world of neurology. Although it can affect persons of any age, ALS mainly affects people between the ages of 40 and 70. Although the disease progresses differently in each individual, it typically results in significant impairment and, regrettably, a shorter lifespan. Most people with ALS live for two to five years after their diagnosis, while some people with the disease may live longer with the help of supportive care and therapies. Living with ALS is a significant challenge to patients, their families, and those who provide care for them. Due to the disease's requirement for expensive medical care and adaptive equipment in order to maintain a reasonable quality of life, the emotional and financial responsibilities can be excruciating. There is presently no cure for ALS, however supportive therapies including physical and occupational therapy can assist control symptoms and restore mobility to some extent. In the hopes of one day discovering a cure or better treatments for this debilitating illness, researchers are currently looking into a number of therapeutic modalities, such as pharmacological therapies, stem cell treatments, and gene therapy.
