In women of reproductive age, amenorrhea is a medical disorder marked by the absence of menstruation. Primary amenorrhea, in which
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In women of reproductive age, amenorrhea is a medical disorder marked by the absence of menstruation. Primary amenorrhea, in which a woman has not had her first menstrual period by the age of 16, and secondary amenorrhea, in which a woman who previously had regular menstrual cycles stops menstruating for three or more consecutive months, are the two basic categories into which it can be divided. This problem frequently necessitates a thorough evaluation and diagnosis by a healthcare professional because it can have a number of underlying reasons, ranging from hormone imbalances to anatomical abnormalities in the reproductive organs. Amenorrhea has a number of common reasons, many of which are hormonal. Disorders including polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypothalamic amenorrhea tamper with the delicate hormone balance required for the regular occurrence of the menstrual cycle. Increased androgen (male hormone) levels and insulin resistance are PCOS characteristics that cause irregular or nonexistent periods. Contrarily, hypothalamic amenorrhea is frequently associated with stress, excessive physical activity, or low calorie intake, all of which might impair the hypothalamus's capacity to control the menstrual cycle. Amenorrhea can also result from structural issues with the reproductive system. Menstruation may be hampered by ailments like Asherman's syndrome, in which the uterine cavity develops scar tissue, or congenital defects such Mullerian agenesis, in which the uterus or other reproductive organs are underdeveloped or nonexistent.In addition, amenorrhea can be a side effect of some medications, including some antipsychotics and birth control pills. Amenorrhea and hormonal imbalance can also come from rapid weight loss or large fluctuations in body weight, as observed in eating disorders like anorexia nervosa. Amenorrhea affects a woman's whole health and is not just a problem with her reproductive system. In addition to the apparent effects on fertility, it can result in bone loss, raising the risk of fractures and osteoporosis. In addition, amenorrhea-related hormonal imbalances can cause mood swings, heat flashes, and changes in the skin and hair in addition to other health issues. The underlying reason of amenorrhea will determine how it is treated. In some circumstances, dietary changes, stress management techniques, or exercise regimen improvements can help restore regular menstruation. The treatment of hormonal imbalances may involve hormone therapy. For severe cases of amenorrhea or structural problems, surgical procedures may be necessary. To address the underlying cause and ensure their general well-being, people who are having amenorrhea must have medical evaluation and advice.
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