Allergies and allergic disorders are two terms used to refer to a broad range of conditions caused by the immune system's aberrant reaction to chemicals that are generally safe to most individuals. These compounds, also referred to as allergens, can cause a variety of symptoms and have an impact on different body systems. Hay fever, often known as allergic rhinitis, is one of the most prevalent allergy illnesses. It is typically brought on by airborne allergens like pollen, dust mites, or pet dander and is characterized by symptoms including sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, and itchy or watery eyes. Asthma, a chronic respiratory disorder that involves airway inflammation and constriction and manifests as wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties, is another common allergic ailment. Another category of allergic illnesses, food allergies can present in a variety of ways, from minor hives and stomach pain to severe, potentially fatal anaphylactic events. Shellfish, dairy, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, and shellfish are among the common dietary allergies. Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a skin condition marked by itchy and irritated skin that is frequently associated with allergies. The digestive system (food allergies or eosinophilic esophagitis), the eyes (allergic conjunctivitis), and even systemic reactions that encompass several organ systems can be impacted by allergic reactions. In recent decades, allergy illnesses have become more common, especially in wealthy nations. Although the precise causes of this increase are unclear, a mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables are probably to blame. When possible, allergen avoidance, symptom-relieving medications, and occasionally allergen-specific immunotherapy to desensitize the immune system are used in the management of allergic disorders. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of allergic diseases and provide more potent therapies and preventive measures, ongoing research is being done. Allergic disorders can have a major negative influence on a person's quality of life.
