A sudden and considerable rise in blood pressure is a defining feature of acute hypertension, commonly referred to as severe or high blood pressure. Millimetres of mercury (mmHg) are used to measure blood pressure, which is the force that flowing blood applies to artery walls. Normal blood pressure is usually measured as 120/80 mmHg. However, blood pressure can rise to dangerously high levels in situations of acute hypertension, frequently exceeding 180/120 mmHg. This abrupt and significant increase in blood pressure may have detrimental effects on the body's many organ systems. Acute hypertension can be brought on by a number of ailments, including underlying illnesses like renal problems, hormonal imbalances (such as those caused by pheochromocytoma), cardiovascular diseases, or the use of specific drugs like stimulants or specific decongestants. Additionally, lifestyle factors such a poor diet, too much salt consumption, stress, and inactivity can cause it. Acute hypertension can cause severe headaches, chest pain, vision issues, dizziness, and in rare circumstances, nosebleeds as well as other urgent side effects. The high pressure could potentially harm blood vessels, the heart, the brain, and other important organs by straining the artery walls. The risk of more catastrophic illnesses like heart attacks, strokes, renal damage, and aneurysms is increased by acute hypertension, which is regarded as a medical emergency. Managing the high blood pressure risk factors is necessary for the prevention of acute hypertension. This include keeping a healthy weight, consuming a balanced diet that is high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while being low in sodium, exercising frequently, reducing stress by practising mindfulness or relaxation techniques, and refraining from binge drinking and smoking. Finally, acute hypertension is a dangerous medical disorder characterised by a sudden rise in blood pressure. To avoid potential consequences that may result from the pressure this condition takes on numerous organs and systems inside the body, prompt medical treatment and appropriate therapy are essential.
