Acute cystitis is a term used to describe the abrupt onset of bladder inflammation that is primarily brought on by bacterial infection. Bacteria, most usually Escherichia coli (E. coli) from the gastrointestinal tract, enter the urethra and ascend into the bladder to cause this widespread medical illness, which is more common in women. The female urethra's shorter length makes it easier for bacteria to travel there, increasing risk. Distressing symptoms of acute cystitis include the desire to urinate frequently and urgently, burning when urinating, murky or bloody urine, and pelvic pain. Despite the fact that acute cystitis is frequently mild, neglecting it or delaying treatment can result in more serious consequences, such as pyelonephritis, a kidney infection. Urinalysis is frequently used in diagnosis to look for germs, white blood cells, and red blood cells in the urine. Antibiotic therapy is the main course of action once the bacterial infection has been identified. Recovery can also be aided by consuming lots of water, peeing frequently, and avoiding irritants like caffeine and spicy foods. Acute cystitis is usually easy to treat, but recurrent infections or cases that do not improve with early therapies may necessitate additional research into underlying causes such anatomical anomalies, blockages of the urinary tract, or immune system weaknesses.